Sententiae

Peter Lombard's Sentences, read as a daf: Book I, Distinction 17 — is charity the Holy Spirit himself, or a created habit in the soul? — as six cruxes, with every commentator who answered them dated, sourced, and threaded to the ones he cites, contests, transmits, or runs parallel to.

Three benches by school, not by order: Thomist, Franciscan, and the dissenting and nominalist line, with a band above for the masters who set the question before the dispute began and a band below for its later reception. The introduction says more.

• I d.17
  Is charity the Holy Spirit himself, or a created habit in the soul? — Spirit or habit

  Lombard's own thesis (cap. I–VI): the Holy Spirit himself, not a created quality, is the charity by which we love God and neighbor. Bonaventure's article states the case against it before answering.

  Every witness on this page except one answers the Master's question against him. But the page no longer shows a tally, because the two latest arrivals on the dissenting bench do not answer his question at all — one changes it, and one asks whether the answer was ever demonstrated. And the oldest arrival does not argue it: he reports it as already settled.

• I d.17
  If charity is created, what is its relation to the Spirit's indwelling? — Created charity and the indwelling

  Not yet built (Phase 4).

  Crux 1 is a vote and this page is the bill.

• I d.17
  Is charity itself to be loved by the charity we have? — Loved out of charity

  Lombard's thesis tested on his own sentence: whoever loves the love by which he loves his neighbour thereby loves God, since that love is God. If charity is the Holy Spirit the consequence follows; if it is a created habit it does not, and the question becomes a real one.

  Lombard does not ask this question. He states it as a consequence: whoever loves the love by which he loves his neighbour thereby loves God, since that love is God. It is a question only for someone who has already denied that the love is God — which is why it appears, as a question, in exactly the two commentators who denied it, and appears second in both their sequences, immediately after the denial.

• I d.17
  Can God accept a person without infused charity (de potentia absoluta)? — Acceptance without charity

  Not yet built (Phase 4).

  This is the one page in the edition where the question itself has a date.

• I d.17
  Can charity increase, and how? — Can charity increase

  Not yet built (Phase 4).

  This is the crux where the thesis of crux 1 shows what it costs elsewhere.

• I d.17
  Why did the Master hold what he held, and what happened to the thesis? — What happened to the thesis

  Not yet built (Phase 4, last).

  The Master lost, and this page is about how a position stops being held rather than how it is refuted.