Sententiae

Introduction

What this edition is, and why it looks the way it does.

Peter Lombard's Sentences (c. 1155) was, for four centuries, the book every master of theology had to comment on before he could teach. This edition presents one distinction of it the way its own readers would have recognized: not as a single authoritative text, but as a page a whole tradition wrote around. The precedent runs in a circle. The Bomberg Talmud page of the 1520s was modeled on the glossed Latin Bible, and the Sentences was the most- commented book of the Latin Middle Ages precisely because it was a question-frame waiting for answers. This edition returns Lombard to a page his own readers would have recognized.

The unit is the crux: a specific difficulty a distinction raises, on which every commentator who addressed it is printed in Latin and in English, dated, sourced to the page or column it came from, and threaded to the other witnesses it cites, contests, transmits, or runs parallel to. The pilot distinction is Book I, distinction 17, where Lombard argues that the charity by which we love God and neighbor is not a created habit in the soul but the Holy Spirit himself, indwelling — a thesis nearly every commentator after him rejected, and whose rejection became the case study for the whole medieval doctrine of created grace.

Three benches sit on the page, and they are schools, not the religious orders their members happened to belong to: Durandus is a Dominican who refuses Thomas, and Ockham, Scotus, and Bonaventure are all Franciscans who agree on almost nothing between them. A band above the benches holds the masters who set the question before the great dispute began — Alexander of Hales, Albert, Fishacre, Kilwardby — and a band below holds its later reception, Luther and Estius, the one commentator who looked back on Lombard's rejected thesis with sympathy.

This edition is CC BY 4.0. The center Latin is Migne's Patrologia (PL 192); the center English reuses Wilson Pruitt's own translation of the distinction's text, first published in the companion Bonaventure edition and linked back to its home there rather than translated twice. The colophon lists every source and its licence.