Sententiae

John Capreolus

Johannes Capreolus, Defensiones theologiae divi Thomae Aquinatis, ed. Paban–Pègues, Tours 1900, vol. 2, Dist. XVII q.1, third conclusion

Datec. 1426PlaceToulouseBench / bandthomistDistinctionI d.17 · q.1, concl. 3
Created charity and the indwelling

English

The third conclusion is that sanctifying grace is really distinguished from charity, and from every virtue.

The holy Doctor proves this conclusion at De veritate q. 27 a. 2, thus: «For since different natures have different ends, three things are required beforehand for reaching any end in natural things: namely a nature proportioned to that end; an inclination towards that end, which is the appetite for the natural end; and motion towards the end. […]

But there is an end for which man is prepared by God that exceeds the proportion of human nature — namely eternal life, which consists in the vision of God through his essence. Hence something must also be given to man not only by which he may work towards the end, or by which his appetite may be inclined to that end, but also by which the nature of man itself may be raised to a certain dignity, according to which such an end is fitting for him; and for this, grace is given. But for inclining the affection towards this end, charity is given. And for carrying out the works by which the said end is acquired, the other virtues are given.

And therefore, just as in natural things the nature itself is one thing and the inclination of the nature, or its motion or operation, another, so too in the order of grace, grace is one thing and charity and the remaining virtues another. And that this comparison is rightly taken is clear from Dionysius in chapter 2 of the Celestial Hierarchy, where he says that no one can have a spiritual operation unless he first receive spiritual being — just as neither can he have the operation of some nature unless he first have being in that nature.» — Thus he.

Draft English (Claude), awaiting Wilson · cc-by · published at bonaventure.wrootpress.com. This page quotes it; that is its home.

Latin

Tertia conclusio est quod gratia gratum faciens realiter distinguitur a charitate, et ab omni virtute.

Istam conclusionem probat sanctus Doctor, de Veritate q. 27 art. 2, sic: «Cum enim diversarum naturarum diversi sint fines, ad consecutionem alicuius finis in rebus naturalibus tria praeexiguntur: scilicet natura proportionata ad illum finem, et inclinatio in finem illum, quae est appetitus finis naturalis, et motus in finem. […]

Sed est aliquis finis ad quem homo a Deo praeparatur, naturae humanae proportionem excedens, scilicet vita aeterna, quae consistit in visione Dei per essentiam. Unde oportet quod homini etiam detur aliquid, non solum per quod operetur ad finem, vel per quod inclinetur eius appetitus in finem illum, sed etiam per quod ipsa natura hominis elevetur ad quandam dignitatem, secundum quam talis finis sit ei competens; et ad hoc datur gratia. Ad inclinandum autem affectum in hunc finem, datur charitas. Ad exsequendum autem opera quibus praedictus finis acquiritur, dantur aliae virtutes.

Et ideo, sicut in rebus naturalibus est aliud natura ipsa quam inclinatio naturae vel eius motus aut operatio, ita et in gratuitis est aliud gratia a charitate et a ceteris virtutibus. Et quod haec comparatio sit recte accepta, patet per Dionysium in 2. cap. Coelestis Hierarchiae, ubi dicit quod non potest aliquis habere spiritualem operationem nisi prius esse spirituale accipiat, sicut nec operationem alicuius naturae nisi prius habeat esse in illa natura.» — Haec ille.

Johannes Capreolus, Defensiones theologiae divi Thomae Aquinatis, ed. Paban–Pègues, Tours 1900, vol. 2, Dist. XVII q.1, third conclusion · pd

Notes

The created answer, worked out into a division of labour: grace raises the nature to a dignity that makes the end fitting, charity inclines the affection to it, the other virtues carry out the works. Three gifts where the Master had one Giver. The elision […] is the long excursus on ends in natural things, kept out because the analogy is Thomas's and the division is the part that answers this crux. Latin restored from the 1900 print's OCR: repair of scanning damage, not expansion of abbreviation.

A created habit

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